Radon

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Radon Measurements Guide

This site contains a listing of Radon-related work and measurements of interest primarily to the low-background physics community. If you have, or know of interesting measurements which should be included, please contact Michael Ronquest («michael DOT ronquest at gmail DOT COM »), Keith Rielage (« rielagek at lanl DOT GOV») or Vincente Guisseppe (vincente.guisseppe@usd.edu)

Radon Emanation Measurements

Category	Material	Measurement	Units	Date Made	Collaboration or Research Group	Citation	Link	Notes / Picture
Acrylic	Black Acrylic Sheet	(6 +/- 1), (8 +/- 1), (6.9 +/- .8)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Adhesive	Master Bond ZP45HT	(< .86)	mBq per square meter	2000	Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik	W Rau, G Heusser, 222Rn emanation measurements at extremely low activities, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 53, Issues 1-2, 15 July 2000, Pages 371-375	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096980430000155X
Beads	Kynar PVDF Beads	<.2	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Beads	Himont SV956 Beads	(4.4 +/- .3),(.9 +/- .1), (.6 +/- .2)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Beads	Himont SV258 Beads	<.2	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Beads	Diakon MnO2 Beads	(.026 +/- .003)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Cable	Coaxial Cable 9067 (high density polyurethane outer jacket)	(<.6)	per meter per hour	1993	Queens University	Manqing Liu, H.W. Lee, A.B. McDonald, 222Rn emanation into vacuum, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 329, Issues 1-2, 15 May 1993, Pages 291-298	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016890029390948H
Cable	Twinaxial PE cable	(<2)	per meter per hour	1993	Queens University	Manqing Liu, H.W. Lee, A.B. McDonald, 222Rn emanation into vacuum, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 329, Issues 1-2, 15 May 1993, Pages 291-298	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016890029390948H
Cable	Coaxial Cable 8240	(6 +/- 2)	per meter per hour	1993	Queens University	Manqing Liu, H.W. Lee, A.B. McDonald, 222Rn emanation into vacuum, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 329, Issues 1-2, 15 May 1993, Pages 291-298	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016890029390948H
Carbon	Activated Carbon (CarboAct)	(0.3 +/- 0.1), (0.6+/- 0.3)	mBq/kg	2005	Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics/ Borexino	Zuzel, G., 2005. Highly sensitive measurements of 222Rn emanation and diffusion, Topical Workshop in Low Radioactivity Techniques: LRT 2004. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 785, pp. 142-149.	http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=APCPCS000785000001000142000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes	Used in the LTA I(II) of the Borexino nitrogen plant
Carbon	Carbosieve SIII (820m2/g)	(0.67+/-0.17),(1.5+/-0.3),(8.0+/- 0.6)	mBq/kg	2009	Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics/ Borexino / GERDA	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, High sensitivity radon emanation measurements, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 67, Issue 5, 5th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology - Low-Level Radioactivity Measurement Techniques ICRM-LLRMT'08, May 2009, Pages 889-893	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804309000608	At 20C, 150C and 330C respectively
Connection	NPT Connection - KAMMER	(79 +/- 24)	micro Bq	2009	GERDA	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, Radon Emanation measurements, Presentation at GERDA General Meeting, July 11, 2007	http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/gerda/lngs07/lngs07_slides/zuzel_gerda_nov07.pdf	Teflon Sealed
Connection	VCR 1/2” Connection - KAMMER	(<54)	micro Bq	2009	GERDA	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, Radon Emanation measurements, Presentation at GERDA General Meeting, July 11, 2007	http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/gerda/lngs07/lngs07_slides/zuzel_gerda_nov07.pdf	Full Metal Sealed
Foil	Aluminum Laminated Foil	(1.8 +/- .2), (2.3 +/- .1), (1.9 +/- .2)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Gasket Material	Polyurethane	(< .3)	mBq per meter squared	2005	Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics/ Borexino	Zuzel, G., 2005. Highly sensitive measurements of 222Rn emanation and diffusion, Topical Workshop in Low Radioactivity Techniques: LRT 2004. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 785, pp. 142-149.	http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=APCPCS000785000001000142000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes
Gasket Material	Silicon Rubber	(196 +/- 4)	mBq per meter squared	2005	Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics/ Borexino	Zuzel, G., 2005. Highly sensitive measurements of 222Rn emanation and diffusion, Topical Workshop in Low Radioactivity Techniques: LRT 2004. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 785, pp. 142-149.	http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=APCPCS000785000001000142000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes
Gel	Silica Gel	(440 +/- 50)	Rn per liter per hour	1993	Queens University	Manqing Liu, H.W. Lee, A.B. McDonald, 222Rn emanation into vacuum, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 329, Issues 1-2, 15 May 1993, Pages 291-298	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016890029390948H
Glass	Glass Wool	(21 +/- .2)	mBq per meter squared	2009	Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, High sensitivity radon emanation measurements, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 67, Issue 5, 5th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology - Low-Level Radioactivity Measurement Techniques ICRM-LLRMT'08, May 2009, Pages 889-893	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804309000608
Glass	PERMATEX glass vial	(24.9 +/- 4.2)	mBq per square meter	2000	Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik	W Rau, G Heusser, 222Rn emanation measurements at extremely low activities, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 53, Issues 1-2, 15 July 2000, Pages 371-375	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096980430000155X
Glass	Araldite 2012	(4.8 +/- 3.2)	mBq per square meter	2000	Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik	W Rau, G Heusser, 222Rn emanation measurements at extremely low activities, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 53, Issues 1-2, 15 July 2000, Pages 371-375	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096980430000155X
Glass	Nitril	(187 +/- 9)	mBq per square meter	2000	Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik	W Rau, G Heusser, 222Rn emanation measurements at extremely low activities, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 53, Issues 1-2, 15 July 2000, Pages 371-375	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096980430000155X
Glass	Busto	(1750 +/- 40)	mBq per square meter	2000	Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik	W Rau, G Heusser, 222Rn emanation measurements at extremely low activities, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 53, Issues 1-2, 15 July 2000, Pages 371-375	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096980430000155X
Glass	Kromasil	(3.6 +/- .3)	mBq per square meter	2000	Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik	W Rau, G Heusser, 222Rn emanation measurements at extremely low activities, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 53, Issues 1-2, 15 July 2000, Pages 371-375	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096980430000155X
Glass	Low Radium Glass	(<1.6)	per square meter per hour	1993	Queens University	Manqing Liu, H.W. Lee, A.B. McDonald, 222Rn emanation into vacuum, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 329, Issues 1-2, 15 May 1993, Pages 291-298	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016890029390948H
Insert	Norel RO Plastic Insert	(8.2 +/- .4), (6.2 +/- .3), (8.7 +/- .3)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
	Oxygen Absorber (Trigon)	(498 +/- 24), (496 +/- 42)	mBq/kg	2009	GERDA	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, Radon Emanation measurements, GERDA General Meeting, July 11, 2007	http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/gerda/lngs07/lngs07_slides/zuzel_gerda_nov07.pdf
	Oxygen Absorber (Oxisorb)	(~19)	mBq/kg	2009	GERDA	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, Radon Emanation measurements, GERDA General Meeting, July 11, 2007	http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/gerda/lngs07/lngs07_slides/zuzel_gerda_nov07.pdf
Metal	Copper Foil	(1.7 +/- .2)	micro Bq per meter squared	2009	Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, High sensitivity radon emanation measurements, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 67, Issue 5, 5th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology - Low-Level Radioactivity Measurement Techniques ICRM-LLRMT'08, May 2009, Pages 889-893	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804309000608
Metal	Copper Foil	(1.2 +/- .2)	micro Bq per meter squared	2009	Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, High sensitivity radon emanation measurements, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 67, Issue 5, 5th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology - Low-Level Radioactivity Measurement Techniques ICRM-LLRMT'08, May 2009, Pages 889-893	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804309000608	rinsed with distilled water
Metal	Stainless Steel Plate (With Welds)	(.36 +/- 0.04)	mBq/m	2009	GERDA	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, Radon Emanation measurements, GERDA General Meeting, July 11, 2007	http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/gerda/lngs07/lngs07_slides/zuzel_gerda_nov07.pdf	standard shop cleaning procedure (alkaline bath)
Metal	Stainless Steel Plate (With Welds)	(<.1)	mBq/m	2009	GERDA	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, Radon Emanation measurements, GERDA General Meeting, July 11, 2007	http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/gerda/lngs07/lngs07_slides/zuzel_gerda_nov07.pdf	After 2-hour etching (20 %*) HNO3 + 1.7% HF + water) and 30-min passivation (15 % HNO3 + water).
Metal	Stainless Steel	(10.2 +/- .8)	micro Bq per meter squared	m2005	Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics/ Borexino	Zuzel, G., 2005. Highly sensitive measurements of 222Rn emanation and diffusion, Topical Workshop in Low Radioactivity Techniques: LRT 2004. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 785, pp. 142-149.	http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=APCPCS000785000001000142000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes	No cleaning
Metal	Stainless Steel	(4.6 +/- .9)	micro Bq per meter squared	2005	Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics/ Borexino	Zuzel, G., 2005. Highly sensitive measurements of 222Rn emanation and diffusion, Topical Workshop in Low Radioactivity Techniques: LRT 2004. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 785, pp. 142-149.	http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=APCPCS000785000001000142000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes	Used in the LTA I(II) of the Borexino nitrogen plant	Rinsed With Water
Metal	Electro Polished Stainless Steel	micro Bq per meter squared	2005	Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics/ Borexino	Zuzel, G., 2005. Highly sensitive measurements of 222Rn emanation and diffusion, Topical Workshop in Low Radioactivity Techniques: LRT 2004. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 785, pp. 142-149.	http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=APCPCS000785000001000142000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes	Used in the LTA I(II) of the Borexino nitrogen plant
Metal	Stainless Steel Tape	(10)	micro Bq/m	2009	GERDA	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, Radon Emanation measurements, Presentation at GERDA General Meeting, July 11, 2007	http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/gerda/lngs07/lngs07_slides/zuzel_gerda_nov07.pdf	Surface not treated
Metal	Stainless Steel Tape	(4.6)	micro Bq/m	2009	GERDA	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, Radon Emanation measurements, Presentation at GERDA General Meeting, July 11, 2007	http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/gerda/lngs07/lngs07_slides/zuzel_gerda_nov07.pdf	Surface washed with distilled water
Metal	Welded Aluminum 3” angles	(7.8 +/- .8)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Metal	Aluminum Reflector	(<1.5)	per square meter per hour	1993	Queens University	Manqing Liu, H.W. Lee, A.B. McDonald, 222Rn emanation into vacuum, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 329, Issues 1-2, 15 May 1993, Pages 291-298	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016890029390948H
Metal	Aluminum Plate	(<.5)	per square meter per hour	1993	Queens University	Manqing Liu, H.W. Lee, A.B. McDonald, 222Rn emanation into vacuum, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 329, Issues 1-2, 15 May 1993, Pages 291-298	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016890029390948H
Metal	Welded Covered Aluminum	(3.7 +/- .7), (1.7 +/- .4), (2.0 +/- .4), (2.2 +/- .4)	Rn per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Gasket	Teflon Stamp Gasket - WEKA	(78 +/- 14)	micro Bq	2009	GERDA	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, Radon Emanation measurements, Presentation at GERDA General Meeting, July 11, 2007	http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/gerda/lngs07/lngs07_slides/zuzel_gerda_nov07.pdf
Valve	WTA valve (open)	(2.0 +/- 0.2)	mBq	2009	GERDA	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, Radon Emanation measurements, Presentation at GERDA General Meeting, July 11, 2007	http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/gerda/lngs07/lngs07_slides/zuzel_gerda_nov07.pdf
Valve	WTA valve (closed)	(.64 +/- 0.15)	mBq	2009	GERDA	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, Radon Emanation measurements, Presentation at GERDA General Meeting, July 11, 2007	http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/gerda/lngs07/lngs07_slides/zuzel_gerda_nov07.pdf
Cable	Habia Coaxial Cable	(.34 +/- 0.09)	mBq/kg	2009	GERDA	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, Radon Emanation measurements, Presentation at GERDA General Meeting, July 11, 2007	http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/gerda/lngs07/lngs07_slides/zuzel_gerda_nov07.pdf
O-ring	Perbunan O-ring (black)	(.017 +/- 0.003)	mBq/ring	2009	GERDA	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, Radon Emanation measurements, Presentation at GERDA General Meeting, July 11, 2007	http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/gerda/lngs07/lngs07_slides/zuzel_gerda_nov07.pdf
O-ring	Viton O-ring (green)	(.680 +/- 0.021)	mBq/ring	2009	GERDA	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, Radon Emanation measurements, Presentation at GERDA General Meeting, July 11, 2007	http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/gerda/lngs07/lngs07_slides/zuzel_gerda_nov07.pdf
O-ring	Viton O-ring (bright green)	(.537 +/- 0.028)	mBq/ring	2009	GERDA	G. Zuzel, H. Simgen, Radon Emanation measurements, Presentation at GERDA General Meeting, July 11, 2007	http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/gerda/lngs07/lngs07_slides/zuzel_gerda_nov07.pdf
O-ring	Butyl O-ring	(19.6 +/- .5)	mBq per square meter	2000	Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik	W Rau, G Heusser, 222Rn emanation measurements at extremely low activities, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 53, Issues 1-2, 15 July 2000, Pages 371-375	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096980430000155X
Pipe	Grey Polypropylene Piping	(23.2 +/- 1.3), (18.3 +/- 1.0), (3.9 +/- .6), (16.1 +/- 1.1), (15.0 +/- .9)	Rn per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Pipe	White Polypropylene Piping (2” ID)	(1.1 +/- .6), (1.4 +/- .5), (.7 +/- .4), (1.1 +/- .4)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Pipe	White Polypropylene Piping (7/8” ID)	(4.6 +/- .6), (2.4 +/- .4), (1.4 +/- .4), (1.6 +/- .3)	Rn per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Pipe	PVDF Piping	<1.1	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Plastic	Black ABS Plastic	(<1.1)	per meter square per hour
PMT	Borexino PMT	(< 40)	micro Bq	2005	Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics/ Borexino	Zuzel, G., 2005. Highly sensitive measurements of 222Rn emanation and diffusion, Topical Workshop in Low Radioactivity Techniques: LRT 2004. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 785, pp. 142-149.	http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=APCPCS000785000001000142000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes	Used in the LTA I(II) of the Borexino nitrogen plant
PMT	8 inch diameter PMT	(< 20)
Polyethylene	White Polyethylene	(<.9)	per meter square per hour	1993	Queens University	Manqing Liu, H.W. Lee, A.B. McDonald, 222Rn emanation into vacuum, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 329, Issues 1-2, 15 May 1993, Pages 291-298	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016890029390948H
Pump	Huge American Pump	(291 +/- 12), (147 +/- 10), (212 +/- 9)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Pump	Small American Pump	(292 +/- 23)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Resin	Fabco SV-258 Resin	(3.1 +/- .2), (.7 +/- .2), (.4 +/- .2)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Rope	Yellow Kevlar Rope	(<.001)	Rn per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Sheet	DWST PP Sheets	(4.2 +/- .6), (2.1 +/- .6), (3 +/- .6), (1.9 +/- .6), (.7 +/- .5)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Teflon	Teflon Foil	(< 9)	micro Bq per meter squared	2005	Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics/ Borexino	Zuzel, G., 2005. Highly sensitive measurements of 222Rn emanation and diffusion, Topical Workshop in Low Radioactivity Techniques: LRT 2004. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 785, pp. 142-149.	http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=APCPCS000785000001000142000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes	Used in the LTA I(II) of the Borexino nitrogen plant
Tube	Flexible Pharmed Tubing	(6000)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Tube	Short Tonkaflow Cylinder	(60 +/- 4), (56 +/- 2), (43 +/- 2)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Tube	Long Tonkaflow Cylinder	(227 +/- 7), (106 +/- 3), (127 +/- 4)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Tube	Clear PVC	(61.8 +/- 1.9), (29.1 +/- .9), (33.0 +/- .9	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Tube	Silicon Tubing	(1.4 +/- .8),(1.4 +/- .6), (1.6 +/- .7), (1.5 +/- .5)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Tube	Polyurethane Tube	(1.4 +/- .4), (1.6 +/- .4), (< .3), (< .2) (< .2)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
TYVEK	TYVEK	(< .0039)	mBq per square meter	2000	Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik	W Rau, G Heusser, 222Rn emanation measurements at extremely low activities, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 53, Issues 1-2, 15 July 2000, Pages 371-375	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096980430000155X
Valve	3 Chemkor SuperBlock II Valves	(32 +/- 4),(11 +/- 2), (< 4), (< 3.5), (13 +/- 3)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Valve	Plast-O-Matic Valve Peices	(3 +/- 1), (<1.125), (3 +/- 1), (< 0.936)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Valve	Vacuum Research Gate Valve	Opened:(48 +/- 4), Closed: (13 +/- 3), (18 +/- 3), (15 +/- 2)	per meter squared per hour	2009	SNO	Uras, Gerard, Tan, Lee, McDonald, Radon(Rn222) Emanation Results, September 1994	http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/sno/str/SNO-STR-94-024.pdf
Valve	Safety Valve	(.08 +/- .03)	mBq per valve	2000	Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik	W Rau, G Heusser, 222Rn emanation measurements at extremely low activities, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 53, Issues 1-2, 15 July 2000, Pages 371-375	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096980430000155X
Water	CTF Water	(20 +/- 2)	mBq per cubic meter	2000	Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik	W Rau, G Heusser, 222Rn emanation measurements at extremely low activities, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 53, Issues 1-2, 15 July 2000, Pages 371-375	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096980430000155X

Radon Permeability Measurements

Category	Material	Measurement	Units	Date Made	Collaboration or Research Group	Citation	Link
Alumized Polymer	Alumized Polycarbonate	3.61*(10 to the -9)	square centimeter per second	2002	Ein Shams University	Wafaa Arafa, Permeability of radon-222 through some materials, Radiation Measurements, Volume 35, Issue 3, June 2002, Pages 207-211, ISSN 1350-4487, DOI: 10.1016/S1350-4487(02)00043-4.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350448702000434
Alumized Polymer	Alumized Mylar	2.46*(10 to the -9)	square centimeter per second	2002	Ein Shams University	Wafaa Arafa, Permeability of radon-222 through some materials, Radiation Measurements, Volume 35, Issue 3, June 2002, Pages 207-211, ISSN 1350-4487, DOI: 10.1016/S1350-4487(02)00043-4.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350448702000434
Butyl	Butyl (2 mm thick)	(1 +/- .5) * 10 to the -11	m cubed at STPmm/(storr*square centimeter)	2010	Harvard University	Steven J. Schowalter, Colin B. Connolly, John M. Doyle, Permeability of noble gases through Kapton, butyl, nylon, and 'Silver Shield', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 615, Issue 3, 11 April 2010, Pages 267-271, ISSN 0168-9002, DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2010.01.041.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900210001099
Cellulose Nitrate	Cellulose Nitrate	8.37 * (10 to the -10)	square centimeter per second	1987	Bhabha Atomic Research Centre	T.V. Ramachandran, B.Y. Lalit, U.C. Mishra, Measurement of radon permeability through some membranes, International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, Volume 13, Issue 1, 1987, Pages 81-84, ISSN 1359-0189, DOI: 10.1016/1359	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/1359018987900124
Glass	Glass	1.72 * (10 to the -7)	square centimeter per second	2002	Ein Shams University	Wafaa Arafa, Permeability of radon-222 through some materials, Radiation Measurements, Volume 35, Issue 3, June 2002, Pages 207-211, ISSN 1350-4487, DOI: 10.1016/S1350-4487(02)00043-4.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350448702000434
Kalrez	Kalrez (.28 mm thickness)	(1.2 +/- .5)*10 to the -8	cm squared/sec	2000	Borexino	M. Wojcik, W. Wlazlo, G. Zuzel, G. Heusser, Radon diffusion through polymer membranes used in the solar neutrino experiment Borexino, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 449, Issues 1-2, 11 July 2000, Pages 158-171, ISSN 0168-9002, DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)01450-3.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900299014503
Fiber Glass	Fiber Glass	4.51 * (10 to the -6)	square centimeter per second	1987	Bhabha Atomic Research Centre	T.V. Ramachandran, B.Y. Lalit, U.C. Mishra, Measurement of radon permeability through some membranes, International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, Volume 13, Issue 1, 1987, Pages 81-84, ISSN 1359-0189, DOI: 10.1016/1359	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/1359018987900124
Nylon	Nylon 6 (.015 mm thick)	(2.8 +/- 1.3)*10 to the -12	cm squared/sec	2000	Borexino	M. Wojcik, W. Wlazlo, G. Zuzel, G. Heusser, Radon diffusion through polymer membranes used in the solar neutrino experiment Borexino, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 449, Issues 1-2, 11 July 2000, Pages 158-171, ISSN 0168-9002, DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)01450-3.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900299014503
Paper	Waxed Paper	5.56 * (10 to the -9)	square centimeter per second	2002	Ein Shams University	Wafaa Arafa, Permeability of radon-222 through some materials, Radiation Measurements, Volume 35, Issue 3, June 2002, Pages 207-211, ISSN 1350-4487, DOI: 10.1016/S1350-4487(02)00043-4.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350448702000434
Paper	A4 Xerox Paper	2.93 * (10 to the -7)	square centimeter per second	2002	Ein Shams University	Wafaa Arafa, Permeability of radon-222 through some materials, Radiation Measurements, Volume 35, Issue 3, June 2002, Pages 207-211, ISSN 1350-4487, DOI: 10.1016/S1350-4487(02)00043-4.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350448702000434
Paper	Filter Paper	1.46 * (10 to the -6)	square centimeter per second	2002	Ein Shams University	Wafaa Arafa, Permeability of radon-222 through some materials, Radiation Measurements, Volume 35, Issue 3, June 2002, Pages 207-211, ISSN 1350-4487, DOI: 10.1016/S1350-4487(02)00043-4.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350448702000434
Polymer	Cellulose Nitrate	1.63 * (10 to the -8)	square centimeter per second	2002	Ein Shams University	Wafaa Arafa, Permeability of radon-222 through some materials, Radiation Measurements, Volume 35, Issue 3, June 2002, Pages 207-211, ISSN 1350-4487, DOI: 10.1016/S1350-4487(02)00043-4.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350448702000434
Polymer	Polyallyldiglycol-carbonate(CR 38)	1.67 * (10 to the -7)	square centimeter per second	2002	Ein Shams University	Wafaa Arafa, Permeability of radon-222 through some materials, Radiation Measurements, Volume 35, Issue 3, June 2002, Pages 207-211, ISSN 1350-4487, DOI: 10.1016/S1350-4487(02)00043-4.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350448702000434
Polymer	Makrofol	(5.0 * (10 to the -10)), (5.81 * (10 to the -10)), (4.17 * (10 to the -10)), (3.34 * (10 to the -10)), (2.77 * (10 to the -10)), (4.45 * (10 to the -10))	square centimeter per second	2002	Ein Shams University	Wafaa Arafa, Permeability of radon-222 through some materials, Radiation Measurements, Volume 35, Issue 3, June 2002, Pages 207-211, ISSN 1350-4487, DOI: 10.1016/S1350-4487(02)00043-4.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350448702000434
Polymer	PVC Cling	.463 * (10 to the -8)	square centimeter per second	2002	Ein Shams University	Wafaa Arafa, Permeability of radon-222 through some materials, Radiation Measurements, Volume 35, Issue 3, June 2002, Pages 207-211, ISSN 1350-4487, DOI: 10.1016/S1350-4487(02)00043-4.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350448702000434
Polymer	Plexiglas	(1.62 * (10 to the -7)), (2.55 * (10 to the -7)), (2.30 * (10 to the -7)	square centimeter per second	2002	Ein Shams University	Wafaa Arafa, Permeability of radon-222 through some materials, Radiation Measurements, Volume 35, Issue 3, June 2002, Pages 207-211, ISSN 1350-4487, DOI: 10.1016/S1350-4487(02)00043-4.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350448702000434
Polymer	Hydrate-Cellulose(Cellophane)	(.97 +/- .06) * (10 to the -12)	square meter per second	1986	Institute of Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary	Abdel-Fattah Hafez, G. Somogyi, Determination of radon and thoron permeability through some plastics by track technique, International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, Volume 12, Issues 1-6, Special Volume Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors, 1986, Pages 697-700, ISSN 1359-0189, DOI: 10.1016/1359-0189(86)90682-5	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/1359018986906825
Polymer	Cellulose Acetate	(.75 +/- .1) * (10 to the -12)	square meter per second	1986	Institute of Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary	Abdel-Fattah Hafez, G. Somogyi, Determination of radon and thoron permeability through some plastics by track technique, International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, Volume 12, Issues 1-6, Special Volume Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors, 1986, Pages 697-700, ISSN 1359-0189, DOI: 10.1016/1359-0189(86)90682-5	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/1359018986906825
Polymer	Polyethylene	(113)	nm squared/Pa*sec	2003	University of California	Hammon, H. G., Ernst, K. and Newton, J. C. (1977), Noble gas permeability of polymer films and coatings. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 21: 1989–1997. doi: 10.1002/app.1977.070210725	http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/app.1977.070210725/abstract
Polymer	Polyethylene-Terephthalate	(.3 +/- .05) * (10 to the -12)	square meter per second	1986	Institute of Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary	Abdel-Fattah Hafez, G. Somogyi, Determination of radon and thoron permeability through some plastics by track technique, International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, Volume 12, Issues 1-6, Special Volume Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors, 1986, Pages 697-700, ISSN 1359-0189, DOI: 10.1016/1359-0189(86)90682-5	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/1359018986906825
Polymer	Polycarbonate	(1.4)	nm squared/Pa*sec	2003	University of California	Hammon, H. G., Ernst, K. and Newton, J. C. (1977), Noble gas permeability of polymer films and coatings. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 21: 1989–1997. doi: 10.1002/app.1977.070210725	http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/app.1977.070210725/abstract
Polymer	Polyester	1.97 * (10 to the -9)	square centimeter per second	1987	Bhabha Atomic Research Centre	T.V. Ramachandran, B.Y. Lalit, U.C. Mishra, Measurement of radon permeability through some membranes, International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, Volume 13, Issue 1, 1987, Pages 81-84, ISSN 1359-0189, DOI: 10.1016/1359	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/1359018987900124
Polymer	Polyvinyl Chloride	5.02 * (10 to the -8)	square centimeter per second	1987	Bhabha Atomic Research Centre	T.V. Ramachandran, B.Y. Lalit, U.C. Mishra, Measurement of radon permeability through some membranes, International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, Volume 13, Issue 1, 1987, Pages 81-84, ISSN 1359-0189, DOI: 10.1016/1359	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/1359018987900124
Rubber	Natural Rubber	6.35 *(10 to the -6)	square centimeter per second	1987	Bhabha Atomic Research Centre	T.V. Ramachandran, B.Y. Lalit, U.C. Mishra, Measurement of radon permeability through some membranes, International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, Volume 13, Issue 1, 1987, Pages 81-84, ISSN 1359-0189, DOI: 10.1016/1359	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/1359018987900124
Silver Shield	Silver Shield	4*(10 to the -18)	m cubed at STPmm/(storr*square centimeter)	2010	Harvard University	Steven J. Schowalter, Colin B. Connolly, John M. Doyle, Permeability of noble gases through Kapton, butyl, nylon, and 'Silver Shield', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 615, Issue 3, 11 April 2010, Pages 267-271, ISSN 0168-9002, DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2010.01.041.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900210001099

Radon Diffusion Measurements

Category	Material	Measurement	Units	Date Made	Collaboration or Research Group	Citation	Link
Glue	RTV 615	800	10 to the -12*meters squared per second	2011	SuperNEMO	F Mamedov et al. (2011),Measurement of radon diffusion through shielding foils for the SuperNEMO experiment.Journal of Instrumentation, 01: 1748-0221	http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-0221/6/01/C01068
Junction	Mylar Junction	.030	10 to the -12*meters squared per second	2011	SuperNEMO	F Mamedov et al. (2011),Measurement of radon diffusion through shielding foils for the SuperNEMO experiment.Journal of Instrumentation, 01: 1748-0221	http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-0221/6/01/C01068
Junction	Aluminum Foil TROPAC Junction	<.0051	10 to the -12*meters squared per second	2011	SuperNEMO	F Mamedov et al. (2011),Measurement of radon diffusion through shielding foils for the SuperNEMO experiment.Journal of Instrumentation, 01: 1748-0221	http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-0221/6/01/C01068
Kalrez	Kalrez (.28 mm thickness)	(1.2 +/- .3)*10 to the -9	centimeter squared per second	2000	Borexino	M. Wojcik, W. Wlazlo, G. Zuzel, G. Heusser, Radon diffusion through polymer membranes used in the solar neutrino experiment Borexino, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 449, Issues 1-2, 11 July 2000, Pages 158-171, ISSN 0168-9002, DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)01450-3.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900299014503
Nylon	Nylon 6 (.015 mm thick)	(1.0 +/- .2)*10 to the -12	centimeter squared per second	2000	Borexino	M. Wojcik, W. Wlazlo, G. Zuzel, G. Heusser, Radon diffusion through polymer membranes used in the solar neutrino experiment Borexino, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 449, Issues 1-2, 11 July 2000, Pages 158-171, ISSN 0168-9002, DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)01450-3.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900299014503
Metal	Aluminum Foil TROPAC III	<.0043	10 to the -12*meters squared per second	2011	SuperNEMO	F Mamedov et al. (2011),Measurement of radon diffusion through shielding foils for the SuperNEMO experiment.Journal of Instrumentation, 01: 1748-0221	http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-0221/6/01/C01068
Mylar	Mylar Foil(2 layers)	<.0012	10 to the -12*meters squared per second	2011	SuperNEMO	F Mamedov et al. (2011),Measurement of radon diffusion through shielding foils for the SuperNEMO experiment.Journal of Instrumentation, 01: 1748-0221	http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-0221/6/01/C01068
Polymer	HDPE(2 layers)	19	10 to the -12*meters squared per second	2011	SuperNEMO	F Mamedov et al. (2011),Measurement of radon diffusion through shielding foils for the SuperNEMO experiment.Journal of Instrumentation, 01: 1748-0221	http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-0221/6/01/C01068
Polymer	Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer	.68	10 to the -12*meters squared per second	2011	SuperNEMO	F Mamedov et al. (2011),Measurement of radon diffusion through shielding foils for the SuperNEMO experiment.Journal of Instrumentation, 01: 1748-0221	http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-0221/6/01/C01068
Polymer	Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer(2 layers)	<.00035	10 to the -12*meters squared per second	2011	SuperNEMO	F Mamedov et al. (2011),Measurement of radon diffusion through shielding foils for the SuperNEMO experiment.Journal of Instrumentation, 01: 1748-0221	http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-0221/6/01/C01068
Silicon	Silicon	320	10 to the -12*meters squared per second	2011	SuperNEMO	F Mamedov et al. (2011),Measurement of radon diffusion through shielding foils for the SuperNEMO experiment.Journal of Instrumentation, 01: 1748-0221	http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-0221/6/01/C01068

Radon Solubility Measurements

Category	Material	Measurement	Units	Date Made	Collaboration or Research Group	Citation	Link	Notes / Picture
Kalrez	Kalrez (.28 mm thickness)	12.8 +/- 2.8		2000	Borexino	M. Wojcik, W. Wlazlo, G. Zuzel, G. Heusser, Radon diffusion through polymer membranes used in the solar neutrino experiment Borexino, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 449, Issues 1-2, 11 July 2000, Pages 158-171, ISSN 0168-9002, DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)01450-3.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900299014503
Nylon	Nylon 6 (.015 mm thick)	(5.0 +/- .5)		2000	Borexino	M. Wojcik, W. Wlazlo, G. Zuzel, G. Heusser, Radon diffusion through polymer membranes used in the solar neutrino experiment Borexino, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 449, Issues 1-2, 11 July 2000, Pages 158-171, ISSN 0168-9002, DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)01450-3.	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900299014503

Radon Daughter Removal Studies

Title	Link	Relevant Pages
Low Radioactivity Background Techniques	http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ns.45.120195.002551	552-554
Behavior of the 222Rn daughters on copper surfaces during cleaning	http://link.aip.org/link/?APCPCS/897/53/1	All
Removal of the long-lived 222Rn daughters from steel and germanium surfaces	http://link.aip.org/link/?APCPCS/1338/224/1	All
Ultra-Low-Background Copper Production and Clean Fabrication	http://link.aip.org/link/?APCPCS/785/170/1	173-175
Cleaning and passivation of copper surfaces to remove surface radioactivity and prevent oxide formation	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900207006882	All

Radon Mitigation Studies

Title	Link	Relevant Pages
222Rn detection at the μBq/m3 range in nitrogen gas and a new Rn purification technique for liquid nitrogen	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804399002316	All
Low-222Rn nitrogen gas generator for ultra-low background counting systems	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900204023356	All

Transport, Deposition and Mobility Models

Title	Link	Relevant Pages
A Radon Progeny Deposition Model	http://link.aip.org/link/?APCPCS/1338/95/1	All

Thoron Measurements

Radon Detector Papers

Title	Link	Relevant Pages
On-line low- and medium-level measurements of the radon activity concentration	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900201002273	All
Detector for 222Rn measurements in air at the 1mBq/m3 level	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900200010822	All
Highly sensitive measurements of radioactive noble gas nuclides in the Borexino solar neutrino experiment	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804304001083
Analysis of the 222Rn concentration in argon and a purification technique for gaseous and liquid argon	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804309000669	All
Radon emanation measurements using silicon photodiode detectors	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804303003762	All
The miniaturized proportional counternext term HD-2(Fe)/(Si) for the GALLEX solar neutrino experiment	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016890029391289Y	All
A high-sensitivity large volume cryogenic detector for radon in gas	http://www.springerlink.com/content/w0325547091r6066/	All

Review Papers

Website Contributors:

Stan Seibert
Bill Ireland
Michael Ronquest
Vincent Guisseppe